Abstract

Recent advancements show HPV screening and co-testing reduce cervical cancer incidence more effectively than cytology. HPV self-sampling and AI-driven digital cytology improve accessibility and accuracy, especially in underserved regions. HPV vaccination significantly lowers infection and pre-cancer rates, forming a comprehensive prevention strategy. Despite progress, barriers like lack of awareness and geographic isolation persist in rural and low-income settings. Both vaccination and screening are highly costeffective, particularly when combined, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and timely management of abnormal results to improve global health outcomes.