Abstract

Stem cell-derived exosomes present a powerful cell-free therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine, delivering bioactive molecules vital for tissue repair and regeneration across many diseases. Engineered exosomes offer targeted therapies, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell exosomes show unique regenerative potential. Clinically, they are advancing in musculoskeletal, neurological, skin, ocular, and cardiovascular treatments by reducing inflammation and promoting healing. They also enhance angiogenesis and are being explored for cancer therapy and neurological disorders, crossing the blood-brain barrier effectively. Despite production and targeting challenges, these versatile nanocarriers offer a potent, less invasive treatment option