Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a key technique for oil and gas extraction, boosting production but raising environmental concerns like groundwater contamination, induced seismicity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Research focuses on risk mitigation through improved well integrity, wastewater management, and responsible practices. Geochemical analysis of produced water, seismic hazard assessment, and wellbore integrity are critical study areas. Efforts are underway to quantify the carbon footprint and reduce emissions. The impact on water resources and the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks are evaluated. Innovations in fracturing fluid chemistry and advanced monitoring techniques aim to enhance safety and environmental stewardship, balancing energy needs with ecological protection