Abstract

This research synthesizes studies on global temperature variability, exploring its drivers and impacts across different scales. Key findings include amplified Arctic warming due to ice and snow loss, land surface influences on diurnal temperature ranges, and intensified urban heatwaves. The effects of potential geoengineering, ocean-atmosphere interactions like ENSO, and atmospheric circulation patterns on regional temperatures are investigated. Decadal global temperature trends, land-use change impacts, and regional extreme events are also examined, alongside the role of atmospheric rivers in mid-latitude temperature variability.

Keywords: Temperature Variability; Arctic Warming; Urban Heat Island; Geoengineering; ENSO; Atmospheric Circulation; Land Use Change; Extreme Temperature Events; Climate Change; Polar Regions