Abstract

The development of sustainable synthetic methodologies is a key challenge in modern organic process research. This study describes a green and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-phenylbenzimidazole via cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde in aqueous ethanol without the use of catalysts. Reaction parameters were optimized using a factorial design to maximize yield and purity. Compared to conventional thermal methods, microwave irradiation significantly reduced reaction time and energy input, offering an eco-friendly and scalable process. The synthesized compound was characterized by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. This method aligns with the principles of green chemistry and presents potential for industrial application.