Abstract

Tropical montane cloud forests, found at high elevations in mountainous regions, are some of the most ecologically diverse and important ecosystems on Earth. These lush environments are home to an incredible array of plant and animal species, and they provide critical ecosystem services such as water regulation and carbon storage. However, these unique habitats are increasingly threatened by human activities, including land-use changes. This article explores the complex relationship between land-use intensity and its impact on aboveground biomass and tree diversity in tropical montane cloud forests at both local and regional scales.