Abstract

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) encompass cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments resulting from cen
tral nervous system infection by HIV. Despite antiretroviral therapy, HAND persists due to viral reservoirs and chronic inflammation.
Aging individuals with HIV present unique management challenges requiring precise diagnostics. Biomarkers are vital for early de
tection and monitoring. Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic factor. Comorbidities and genetic predispositions further complicate
HAND, highlighting the need for integrated and personalized care. Motor and behavioral symptoms significantly impact quality of
life, necessitating comprehensive management strategies.