Abstract

Ecosystems in water are under a lot of stress. Numerous stresses are introduced by human activity that have an effect on eco-systems and the parts of them. The aquatic habitats of fresh, coastal, and marine waters including rivers, lakes, and riparian habitats as well as transitional, coastal, shelf, and oceanic environments are the main emphasis of this study. We discovered effect chains connecting 45 human activities through 31 pressures to 82 ecosystem components using an environmental risk assessment approach. Seven European case studies using N22, 000 activity-pressure-ecosystem component connections were included in this linking architecture. We initially classified the interactions based on five criteria: regional extent, dispersal potential, frequency of contact, persistence of pressure, and severity of the interaction in order to identify the environmental impact risk posed by each impact chain where extent, dispersal, frequency, and persistence account for the risk exposure (spatial and temporal), and the se- verity account for the risk consequence. We arrived at an overall environmental effect risk score for each impact chain after giving each risk criterion a numerical number. The activities and pressures that pose the greatest risk to European aquatic domains as well as the aquatic ecosystem components and realms that are most at risk from human activity were both included in the analysis of this risk score. Across all aquatic domains were relevant in terms of productivity. In freshwater environments, fishing was very important to marine and environmental engineering. The biggest risk was introduced to the aquatic worlds by chemical and physical stresses.