Abstract

Glycophosphoproteins are multifunctional proteins found in all vertebrates. OPN is expressed in a wide variety of cell types and is present in most tissues and physiological secretions. OPN is involved in a variety of biological processes, including activation and regulation of the immune system. The process of tissue change, including the growth and development of the gut and brain. Interaction with bacteria. OPN is present at the highest concentrations in cow’s milk and is thought to initiate and regulate developmental, immunological and physiological processes in cowfed infants. Methods have been developed to isolate bovine OPN for use in infant milk, and many studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of bovine OPN intake. The purpose of this article is to review and compare existing knowledge on the structure and function of milk OPNs, with a particular focus on their effects on human health and disease.