Abstract

Recent advancements in congenital heart disease (CHD) interventions highlight a shift towards less invasive transcatheter and
hybrid procedures. These include transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction [1],
successful long-term atrial septal defect closure [2], and percutaneous pulmonary artery stenting [3]. Emerging approaches for
tricuspid valve interventions [4], hybrid techniques [5], and aortic coarctation stenting [6] are improving patient outcomes. Advanced
imaging [7] guides these complex procedures, complementing transcatheter ventricular septal defect closure [8] and the use of drug
eluting stents [9] and fetal cardiac interventions [10], marking significant progress in CHD management.