Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysis of biopolymers is a vital biochemical process with significant implications across various fields, from biotechnology to environmental sciences. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms governing enzymatic hydrolysis through an integrated structural and kinetic analysis approach. Key enzymes such as cellulases, amylases, and proteases are explored, elucidating their structural features and how these relate to their catalytic efficiency and specificity. Techniques such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and kinetic modeling are highlighted to demonstrate how insights from these analyses contribute to our understanding of enzymatic behavior. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications of these insights for biotechnological applications, particularly in biofuel production and waste management.