Abstract

Melatonin, a hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland, is well-known for its regulatory role in sleep-wake cycles. However, its influence extends beyond circadian rhythms, with growing evidence suggesting a significant role in various neurological conditions. This paper explores the neuroprotective properties of melatonin and its potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurogenesis-promoting actions, are reviewed. Additionally, the challenges and future directions in melatonin-based treatments for neurological diseases are discussed.