Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental driver across numerous chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular ailments, aging, and kidney diseases. These impairments manifest through disrupted energy production, calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, and failures in mitochondrial dynamics and quality control like mitophagy. Importantly, this pervasive pathology often initiates a vicious cycle with chronic inflammation, exacerbating disease progression. Current research highlights promising therapeutic strategies, ranging from the fundamental benefits of exercise training in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, to cutting-edge drug discovery efforts aimed at restoring mitochondrial health. These interventions offer significant potential to address a broad spectrum of conditions rooted in compromised mitochondrial function.