Abstract

Vulvar cancer, a rare gynecologic malignancy, accounts for 5% of female genital cancers and poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its molecular heterogeneity. Advances in genomic profiling have identified key alterations, such as TP53 mutations, EGFR amplifications, and HPV-driven pathways, enabling targeted therapies. This article reviews the role of molecular profiling in vulvar cancer, synthesizing clinical trial data and discussing the potential of precision medicine. Results show modest response rates to targeted agents like erlotinib, with ongoing trials exploring novel therapies. Challenges include limited data and access to profiling. Future directions involve integrating multiomics and immunotherapy to improve outcomes.