Abstract

Natural gas, a versatile and abundant fossil fuel, plays a pivotal role in the global energy landscape. This abstract explores the key aspects of natural gas, including its composition, extraction methods, applications, environmental considerations, and its evolving role in the transition to cleaner energy sources. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4), with trace amounts of other hydrocarbons, water vapor, and non-hydrocarbon gases. It is formed over millions of years through the decomposition of organic matter and the subsequent pressure and heat within the Earth’s crust. The extraction of natural gas involves drilling wells into underground reservoirs. Techniques such as hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and conventional drilling are employed to release and capture the gas. Once extracted, natural gas undergoes processing to remove impurities, resulting in pipeline-quality natural gas.