Abstract

Chromatographic techniques play a crucial role in the separation and analysis of metabolites in complex biological samples. This article explores novel chromatographic methods developed to enhance the efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity of metabolite analysis. Recent advancements in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and two-dimensional chromatography are discussed, highlighting their applications in the analysis of metabolic profiles from biological fluids and tissues. Innovative approaches, including the integration of novel stationary phases, advanced detection systems, and miniaturized chromatographic setups, are examined for their impact on improving the resolution of complex mixtures and reducing analysis time. The article also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with these techniques and provides insights into future trends and potential developments in chromatographic analysis of metabolites. The integration of these advanced techniques offers promising avenues for enhancing our understanding of metabolic processes and biomarker discovery.