Abstract

Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are essential for optimizing antibiotic use and improving patient outcomes
across various care settings. Studies show ASPs reduce broad-spectrum antibiotic use, shorten therapy, and decrease adverse events
in hospitals. Challenges exist in emergency departments, outpatient care, and long-term facilities, driven by diagnostic uncertainties,
parental expectations, andworkflowissues. Effectiveinterventionsincludeclinicianeducation, peerfeedback, andclinicalguidelines.
Coreelementslikeleadership, accountability, and education are crucial for successful implementation, even in resource-limited global
settings. This collective evidence underscores the critical role of tailored, comprehensive stewardship efforts in pediatric healthcare.

Keywords: Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship; Antibiotic Use; Patient Outcomes; Pediatric Hospitals; Outpatient Care; Emergency Departments; Quality Improvement; Clinical Guidelines; Antibiotic Resistance