Abstract

In today’s world, air pollution (AP) is the leading environmental cause of disease and premature death. In 2015, an estimated 9 million premature deaths were attributed to AP-related diseases, or 16% of all deaths worldwide. Organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), metals like iron and nickel, gases like ozone, biological agents like plant pollen, endotoxins, and bacteria, and minerals like quartz and asbestos make up the toxic mixture of gases and particulate matter (PM) that is AP. Meteorological conditions and variations in human activity over time are linked to variations in composition in each location. Acute inflammation can be caused by air pollutants; Increased recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and mediators, as well as activation of intracellular oxidative stress through the generation of free radicals and depletion of protective antioxidants and their enzymes, were demonstrated in human, animal, and in vitro experimental studies.