Abstract

In signaling cascades that control cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, and migration, cytokine and growth factor receptors such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), Toll-like receptors, and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential players. A number of these receptors are being looked into as significant therapeutic targets because they are also heavily engaged in the growth and development of numerous disease-related cells. Therefore, it is anticipated that precise investigation of their actions will aid in the development of new medications and medical diagnoses. The dynamic behaviours of cytokine and growth factor receptors in living cells, such as lateral mobility on the cell surface, internalisation, and recycling, are closely tied to both their activities and changes in the corresponding ligand-dependent signals. Therefore, trustworthy methods are urgently needed for imaging these receptors in live cells. Reactive cytokines and growth hormones can be used to specifically mark membrane receptors. Reactive cytokines and growth factors can be handled easily and adaptably using a supramolecular method. Endogenous membrane receptor dynamics are imaged in real-time.