Abstract

Cervical dysplasia management is evolving with 2023 ASCCP risk-based guidelines, personalizing care for intraepithelial neoplasia and high-grade lesions. Primary HPV screening demonstrates superior detection, while emerging technologies and biomarkers enhance diagnosis and prognosis. Immunotherapies offer new treatment avenues. Global screening disparities highlight the need for equitable HPV vaccination and follow-up. Understanding HPV’s natural history and addressing vaccine uptake barriers are crucial for effective prevention. Managing abnormal cytology in pregnancy balances maternal and fetal health, often deferring treatment for high-grade lesions until postpartum.