Abstract

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) exert multifaceted roles in biology, ranging from essential signaling to mediating oxidative stress in various pathologies. This compilation explores ROS’s dual nature in cancer, their involvement in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, and their contribution to renal fibrosis. It also highlights their intricate regulation of autophagy and critical function in plant immunity. Understanding ROS mechanisms and their balance is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies across diverse biological systems.