Journal of Ecology and Toxicology
Open Access

The mechanisms removal of pesticides and heavy metal from agricultural runoff in treatment train: A review

Pesticides have been used widespread over the world in
agricultural to protect from pest and reduce crop losses.
However, it affects the environment with toxic chemical.
Exceed of toxic constituents in the ecosystem will resulted
bad side effects. The hydrological cycle is related to the
existence of pesticides and heavy metal which it can penetrate
through many sources into the soil or water bodies
especially runoff. Therefore, proper mechanisms of pesticide
and heavy metal removal should be study to improve
the quality of ecosystem free or reduce from unwanted
substances. This paper reviews on the use of treatment
train and its mechanisms to reduce pesticides and heavy
metal from agricultural runoff. Organochlorine (OCL) is
a common pesticide that was found in the agricultural
runoff. OCL are one of toxic chemical that can disturb
the ecosystem such as inhibits plants growth and harm
human health by having symptoms as asthma, active
cancer cell, vomit, diarrhoea, etc. Thus, this unwanted
contaminant gives disadvantages to the environment and
need treatment system. Hence, treatment train by bioretention
system are suitable because removal efficiency
achieves until 90 % of pesticides removal with selected
vegetated plant and additive.

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