Abstract

Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) are crucial components of cellular signaling that regulate a wide range of physiological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and survival. These receptors, which are present on the cell membrane, become activated upon ligand binding, triggering downstream signaling cascades through the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in their cytoplasmic domains. Abnormal activation of TKRs is implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer, where they can drive tumorigenesis. This article explores the molecular mechanisms underlying TKR activation, their role in cellular signaling, and their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Additionally, it discusses the therapeutic strategies targeting TKRs, with a focus on receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) used in clinical practice.