Abstract

Adaptive immunity is a specialized branch of the immune system that provides targeted and long-lasting protection against pathogens by learning to recognize specific antigens. Unlike the innate immune system, adaptive immunity tailors its response to particular invaders and retains a memory of past encounters, enabling faster and more effective responses upon subsequent exposures. This article explores the fundamental components of adaptive immunity, including the roles of T cells and B cells, the processes of antigen recognition, and the development of immunological memory. Additionally, it highlights the significance of adaptive immunity in vaccination strategies and its critical role in maintaining health and combating infectious diseases. Understanding how the immune system learns and remembers is essential for advancing medical interventions and improving disease prevention.