Abstract

For a long time, the most important means of controlling infectious diseases is prevention, and vaccination is considered the most effective measures, so the preparation and improvement of the vaccine is not only supported by the medical profession, it is the concern of the broad masses of the people. A number of biomolecules have been used as antigens to construct novel vaccine preparations, including Virus-like particles (VLPs) or bacteria, dendritic cells, nucleic acids and peptides. Immunostimulatory nanocomposites are based on the above molecules as vectors, encapsulating immune adjuvants, and nanoparticles for the construction of novel vaccines. Compared to traditional vaccines, adjuvants, nanoparticles alone, the efficacy of immunostimulatory nanocomposites as potential vaccines shows increased CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cell count, secretion of cytokine interferon-gamma and IL-4 functions also significantly enhanced, in addition, the use of nanoparticles enhances the Immune irritation of adjuvants, VLPs and other molecules on humoral and cellular immune responses. Thus, immunostimulatory nanocomposites may be potential vaccines for future prevention and treatment applications.

Keywords: Immunostimulatory nanocomposites; Virus-like particles; Vaccine; Adjuvant; Nanoparticles; Humoral and cellular immunity