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Saudi Arabia formally known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) , is an Arab state in Western Asia constituting the heft of the Arabian Peninsula. With an area range of roughly 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), Saudi Arabia is topographically the fifth-biggest state in Asia and second-biggest state in the Arab world (after Algeria). Saudi Arabia is circumscribed by Jordan and Iraq toward the north, Kuwait toward the upper east, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates toward the east, Oman toward the southeast, and Yemen toward the south. It is the main country with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and the greater part of its landscape comprises of dry aloof betray or desolate landforms.

Saudi Arabia occupies about 80% of the Arabian Peninsula (the world's largest peninsula), lying between latitudes 16° and 33° N, and longitudes 34° and 56° E. Because the country's southern borders with the United Arab Emirates and Oman are not precisely marked, the exact size of the country is undefined. The CIA World Factbook estimates 2,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi) and lists Saudi Arabia as the world's 13th largest state. It is geographically the largest country in the Arabian Plate.

Saudi Arabia's summon economy is petroleum-based; approximately 75% of spending plan incomes and 90% of fare profit originate from the oil business. It is emphatically reliant on remote specialists with around 80% of those utilized in the private segment being non-Saudi. Saudi Arabia has had five-year "Development Plans" since 1970. Among its plans were to launch "economic cities" (e.g. King Abdullah Economic City) to be completed by 2020, in an effort to diversify the economy and provide jobs. As of 2013 four cities were planned.The King has announced that the per capita income is forecast to rise from $15,000 in 2006 to $33,500 in 2020.The cities will be spread around Saudi Arabia to promote diversification for each region and their economy, and the cities are projected to contribute $150 billion to the GDP.In addition to petroleum and gas, Saudi also has a small gold mining sector in the Mahd adh Dhahab region and other mineral industries, an agricultural sector (especially in the southwest) based on dates and livestock, and large number of temporary jobs created by the roughly two million annual hajj pilgrims.

Saudi Arabian country has accentuation on interdisciplinary: materials science and building; assets, vitality and environment; connected maths and software engineering; and biosciences and bioengineering.