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Journal of Materials Science and Nanomaterials - Carbon Capture and Conversion

Journal of Materials Science and Nanomaterials
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  • Editorial   
  • J Mater Sci Nanomater 2017, Vol 1(1): e104

Carbon Capture and Conversion

Ehsan Espid*
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada
*Corresponding Author: Ehsan Espid, Chemical/Bio-Chemical Scientist, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada, Email: eespid@chbe.ubc.ca

Received: 19-Sep-2017 / Accepted Date: 20-Sep-2017 / Published Date: 27-Sep-2017

Introduction

Measuring and reducing exposure to carbon dioxide is one important step towards developing reduced risk industry. With the abundance of fossil fuels in the absence of a cost-effective alternative energy source and the continued reliance of global markets on this sort of energy, the carbon-capture technology is becoming a viable means of reducing CO2 that releases into the atmosphere [1]. In addition to current strategies that are developed for carbon capture and storage, many other technologies are also available for in-situ CO2 conversion to valuable products.

Such technologies include hydrogenation of CO2 through high temperature–pressure processes. Nevertheless, the above reactions are costly with the significant energy required for the CO2 reduction, and the efficiency is still a great challenge. One alternative could be photocatalysis in which photons that are coming from the Sun or a light source hit on a photocatalyst and proceed reduction reactions which produce H2 derived from H2O, and CH3OH and CH4 derived from CO2 reduction [2]. A photocatalytic process relies on the reaction between excited charges in semiconductor, that have been generated by the absorption of light, with the components presented in the environment, leading to the production of desired materials. The resulting products depend upon the semiconductor properties and the choice of reductant.

Researchers are required to actively investigate how specific constituents of carbon-based molecules (especially CO2) might be selectively reduced or removed, and develop innovative technologies to improve the selectivity and conversion. Works on using a new photocatalytic reactor structure with novel design features, and novel semiconductor oxides such as Titania Nanotubes and Nanosheets which have shown highly efficient reduction capability for the most of the harmful compounds in the environment are in great demand [3]. Also, there are a number of design considerations to create an efficient photocatalytic conversion unit with improved charge separation, and directional electron transfers by trapping promoted electrons/holes through using a sacrificial reagent or selecting the best semiconductor material with the optimal overlap of band gap with the wavelengths of light, to achieve the desired photocatalytic products.

Another technology, which is being demonstrated in pilot scale, uses CO2 to desalinate industrial wastewater, creating a smaller carbon footprint and an economical alternative to conventional desalination. This waste-to-value technology facilitates the reaction between salts present in industrial wastewater and CO2 in an electrochemical cell to convert the CO2 into high-value chemicals such as carbonate salts and acids that are particularly useful for the oil and gas industry [4]. Other alternative route for CO2 removal is the use of photovoltaic cells that convert the solar energy into electricity, which is then used to electrochemically reduce CO2 on metal electrodes. In this context, the use of an electro-bioreactor containing lithoautotrophic microorganism is also possible.

In contrast to technologies which try to address each issue separately, the coupling of both processes is unique and is highly recommended for industry. So the recent innovations in carbon capture technology and photocatalytic processes can effectively be applied for CO2 removal through simultaneous converting to marketable products.

References

  1. Dutta A, Farooq S, Karimi IA, Khan SA (2017) Assessing the potential of CO2 utilization with an integrated framework for producing power and chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol 19: 49-57.
  2. Usubharatana P, Mcmartin D, Veawab A, Tontiwachwuthikul P, Engineering F, et al. (2006) Photocatalytic process for CO2 emission reduction from industrial flue gas streams. Ind Eng Chem Res 45: 2558-2568.
  3. Habisreutinger SN, Schmidt-mende L, Stolarczyk JK (2013) Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed 52: 7372-7408.
  4. Dara S, Lindstrom M, English J, Bonakdarpour A, Wetton B, et al. (2017) Conversion of saline water and dissolved carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals by electrodialysis. Biochem Pharmacol 19: 177-184.

Citation: Espid E (2017) Carbon Capture and Conversion. J Mater Sci Nanomater 1: e104

Copyright: © 2017 Espid E. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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