ISSN: 2476-2024

Diagnostic Pathology: Open Access
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  • Commentary   
  • Diagnos Pathol Open
  • DOI: 10.4172/2476-2024.7.S11.1000005

Severity of Diabetes in Patients with Allodynia and Hyperalgesia as Major Symptoms

Xue-Jun Song `*
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Xue-Jun Song `, `, `, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, Email: songxudejun@sustech.edu.cn

Received: 12-May-2022 / Manuscript No. DPO-22-63674 / Editor assigned: 16-May-2022 / PreQC No. DPO-22-63674(PQ) / Reviewed: 30-May-2022 / QC No. DPO-22-63674 / Revised: 06-Jun-2022 / Manuscript No. DPO-22-63674 (R) / Published Date: 13-Jun-2022 DOI: 10.4172/2476-2024.7.S11.1000005

Description

phosphorylation of NMDA receptors and the subsequent activation of Ca2± dependent downstream signaling pathways, in addition to inducing myelin abnormalities as described above however, MMP-2 may serve as a negative regulator. These findings demonstrate that, mechanistically, roles of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in DNP and diabetic axonal demyelination are different from that in neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury where the initial spinal MMP-9 and MMP-2 derives from axonal transport in DRG are positively involved in production and maintenance of neuropathic pain, respectively [3]. Further, MMP-9, but not MMP-2, originating primarily locally within spinal central neurons is positively involved in the enhancement of pain following morphine withdrawal, while both MMP-9 and MMP-2 are important in chronic and/or acute morphine tolerance [4]. In addition, our recent studies also show that ephrinB-EphB receptor signaling and Wnt signaling play critical roles in the production and maintenance of neuropathic and cancer pain, but only involve with less extent in the maintenance, not production of DNP [5]. These findings support an idea that the underlying mechanisms of DNP are different from neuropathic pain induced by other forms of injury or diseases. This may explain at least partly why some drugs work effectively for certain chronic pain due to direct nerve injury or bone cancer, but not for DNP.

The third, (±)-α-Lipoic Acid (α-LA) is a natural antioxidant synthesized in the mitochondria and derived from food with excellent clinical safety history and low cost and effective in alleviating diabetic complications in humans. We show that α-LA can greatly suppress DNP by regulating MMP-9 and MMP2, i.e., inhibiting the increased MMP-9 and rescuing the decreased MMP-2 in the DRG and DH. This finding provides mechanistic insights into the action of a therapeutically promising compound derived from natural products.

Additionally, this study shows among the animals that received i.p STZ, only approximately 56%~60% of rats or mice developed DNP, confirming our previous observation [5]. This limited success rate of STZ-induced DNP reminds that the painful symptoms need to be examined and confirmed in each of the experimental animals before we can go further to the next investigation so to avoid confusing and misleading outcomes and to increase the success rate of research and development of new treatment approaches for DNP.

Acknowledgement

Supported by The foundation of Shenzhen Science and Techonology Innovation Committee (Grant No: JCYJ20200109141433384).

References

Citation: Song XJ (2022) Severity of Diabetes in Patients with Allodynia and Hyperalgesia as Major Symptoms. Diagn Pathol Open 7: 005. DOI: 10.4172/2476-2024.7.S11.1000005

Copyright: © 2022 Song XJ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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