Abstract

Biomarker discovery has emerged as a transformative force in drug development and precision medicine, enabling targeted therapies and personalized treatment strategies. This article explores recent advances in identifying biological markers—molecules, genes, or proteins—that signal disease states, predict treatment responses, and guide therapeutic innovation. Through a review of cutting-edge research, it examines how technologies like genomics, proteomics, and artificial intelligence (AI) are accelerating biomarker identification. Findings reveal that these advances streamline drug trials, enhance efficacy, and tailor interventions to individual patients, particularly in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. The study underscores biomarkers’ potential to revolutionize healthcare, while highlighting challenges in validation and clinical integration.