Abstract

Lipid-based gene delivery systems have emerged as pivotal tools in the field of gene therapy, offering innovative solutions for the effective transfer of genetic material into target cells. This comprehensive review explores recent advances in lipid-based vectors, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), focusing on their formulation, mechanisms of cellular uptake, and therapeutic applications. We also discuss the challenges associated with lipid-based systems, such as stability, immunogenicity, and targeted delivery, while highlighting ongoing research aimed at overcoming these barriers. The review concludes with insights into future directions for lipid-based gene delivery technologies in clinical and therapeutic contexts.