Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a unique form of diabetes that manifests during pregnancy, affecting approximately 2-10% of pregnant women. This abstract provides a concise overview of GDM, its risk factors, impact on maternal and fetal health, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. GDM arises due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, leading to insulin resistance. While many women with GDM can manage it through lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, some may require medication or insulin therapy to control blood sugar levels. Timely diagnosis and effective management are essential to mitigate potential complications. GDM can have significant implications for maternal health, including an increased risk of preeclampsia, cesarean section, and type 2 diabetes later in life. Fetal health may also be compromised, with macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia being potential outcomes. Regular screening during pregnancy helps identify GDM, typically between the 24th and 28th weeks. Monitoring blood glucose levels, maintaining a balanced diet, and staying physically active are central to GDM management.