Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus have emerged as twin epidemics, with an intricate and often devastating interconnection. This abstract explores the complex relationship between cardiovascular disease and diabetes, shedding light on the multifaceted mechanisms, shared risk factors, and the profound implications for both individual health and healthcare systems. Individuals with diabetes face a significantly elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease, making CVD the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. This heightened risk is attributed to various pathophysiological factors, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These factors contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which is the hallmark of CVD.