Abstract

Cell-free systems have emerged as a powerful platform in biotechnology, enabling precise control over biological processes without the complexity of living cells. These systems leverage extracted cellular machinery to facilitate protein synthesis, metabolic engineering, and biosensing applications. By eliminating cellular constraints, cell-free technology accelerates research and development in synthetic biology, pharmaceuticals, and biomanufacturing. Recent advancements in cell-free platforms have expanded their potential for rapid diagnostics, enzyme production, and biopolymer synthesis, offering scalable and cost-effective solutions. This article explores the fundamental principles, recent breakthroughs, and future prospects of cell-free systems in biotechnology.