Abstract

Research question: Can a cognitive training method using musical percussion instruments improve attention, working- and episodic memory in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI)? Background: The positive effect of cognitive training for persons with dementia has been demonstrated in several studies. Music, in contrast, has largely failed to improve cognition in persons with dementia, but has shown a positive impact on improving emotional, social and behavioural aspects. The combination of music and cognitive training could therefore be interesting. However, evidence for combining music and cognitive training is missing. Aim- To test the feasibility of a cognitive training intervention, using percussion instruments to improve attention, working- and episodic memory function in persons with a-MCI. Methods: A feasibility study lasting 6 weeks, with sessions twice per week, for 60 minutes. Study included persons (n=3) clinically diagnosed with a-MCI. The Brief Cognition Rating Scale was administered as baseline screening. 11 exercises were used for the training sessions. Outcome measures: The Kokmen Short Test of Mental Status (STMS), The Quality of Life – AD questionnaire (QOL-AD) and the Non-Pharmacological Therapy Experience Scale (NPT-ES) Results: STMS scores improved for all participants when measured after 6 weeks of intervention and slightly fell when re-measured at one month after the final intervention at follow up. The QOL-AD measure improved for two participants from baseline to 6 weeks, but declined at follow up. NPT-ES scores remained high throughout the entire study period. The STMS was not sensitive enough to detect and assess working memory deficits or measure improvements. Conclusion: Cognitive training with percussion instruments showed efficacy in improving attention (attention span and immediate recall) as well as episodic memory (delayed recall) in persons with a-MCI. This training method should be tested for efficacy in a randomized controlled trial.

Keywords: Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Attention; Memory; Cognitive training; Music