Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing, enabling precise modifications for diverse applications. It ranges from fundamental research to therapeutic tools for genetic diseases and cancer, alongside agricultural advancements for crop improvement. Key developments address delivery systems and off-target effects, with newer technologies like base and prime editing offering enhanced precision. Clinical trials are underway, though ethical considerations for germline editing remain paramount. This versatile technology continues to advance, promising profound impacts across science and medicine.