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Hindi Diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in an experimental rice planting with a history of pesticide use
Abstract
Abundance and diversity of microbial communities in
an experimental rice planting with a history of pesticide
were determined using rRNA high-throughput sequencing
from samples of the affluent, rice rhizosphere soil;
storage pond sediment; and the effluent. A similarity between
aquatic environments and terrestrial environments
concerning the prokaryotic communities was observed.
This pattern differs for eukaryotic communities, where
there is a difference between the effluent (lower diversity
indexes) and the other three sites (diversity indexes
similar to those found in the sample). Proteobacteria
overwhelmingly dominated the bacterial OTUs in the affluent,
soil rhizosphere, and the storage pond sediment.
Actinobacteria dominated in the effluent. At the genus
level, the most frequent microorganism in both aquatic
locals were an Actinomycetes from the family Sporichthyaceae
followed by an OTU belonging to the Comamonadaceae
family and Polynucleobacter (Proteobacteria). A
Thaumarchaeota OTU (average 4.7%) and Geobacter
(average 3.9%) were the most abundant genera in the
rice rhizosphere and an Acidobacteria belonging to the
candidate division DA052 (average 8.8 %), followed by
a Thaumarchaeota OTU (average 6.5%) in the storage
pond sediment. The rice rhizosphere and storage pond
sediment would have better environmental quality due to
the lower content of pesticides represented by the higher
relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes
and Verrucomicrobia, and the lower values
of Actinobacteria in comparison to the affluent and
the effluent. Not only the structure of soil microbial populations
but also those of aquatic environments would act
as indicators of environmental quality concerning pesticide
residues.
