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Review Article

Emerging Roles for Platelets in Inflammation and Disease

Yancy Ferrer-Acosta1, Marieli González2, Mónica Fernández3 and Valance Washington A1,2*
1 University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
2 Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
3 University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
Corresponding Author : Anthony Valance Washington
Department of Biology
University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras Campus, USA
Tel: +1787764-0000
Fax: +1787264-2610
E-mail: valancew@gmail.com
Received May 19, 2014; Accepted June 18, 2014; Published June 24, 2014
Citation: Ferrer-Acosta Y, González M, Fernández M, Washington AV (2014) Emerging Roles for Platelets in Inflammation and Disease. J Infect Dis Ther 2:149. doi: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000149
 
Copyright: © 2014 Washington AV. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
 
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Abstract

Platelets and their interaction with cells of the immune system contribute through a variety of molecular mechanisms to support hemostasis and inflammation. These simple yet essential cells exert their effects in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, both recruiting and modulating their function after activation. Emerging evidence is starting to define the mechanisms that allow platelets to also play pivotal roles in host defense. For example, platelet cell-surface expression of toll-like receptors allows platelets to direct neutrophil activation toward extracellular trap formation and facilitate the elimination of blood pathogens. In addition to these well-known receptors, two of the most recently discovered platelet receptors, C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1), have been shown to modulate hemostatic and inflammation-related roles in platelets. This review will discuss the evolution of our understanding of platelet functions from hemostasis to inflammation, and highlight novel mechanisms that platelets use to mediate hemostasis under inflammatory pressure.

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