Abstract

Modern plant breeding is rapidly advancing through genomic selection, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and molecular breeding. These technologies leverage genetic insights to accelerate crop improvement, enabling precise trait identification and enhancement. Key applications include boosting yield, improving disease and stress tolerance, and increasing nutrient use efficiency across maize, wheat, fruits, and vegetables. By moving beyond traditional methods, these innovations significantly reduce breeding cycles, fostering the development of superior, resilient crop varieties more efficiently and sustainably to meet global agricultural demands.