ISSN: 2375-4338

Rice Research: Open Access
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  • Research Article   
  • JRR,
  • DOI: 10.4172/2375-4338.1000213

Identification of Chemical Structures of Hypolipidemic Proanthocyanidins in Red Rice Enhancing Acyl CoA Oxidase Expression

Satoru Tamura1,2, Ke Yan2, Tomikazu Kawano1, Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama3, Junji Tanaka4, Hiroshi Shimoda4* and Nobutoshi Murakami2
1School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori Yahaba-cho Siwa-Gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
2Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
3National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishers, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba city, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
4Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd., 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 493-8001, Japan
*Corresponding Author : Hiroshi Shimoda, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 493-8001, Japan, Tel: +81586865141, Email: kaihatsu@mri.biglobe.ne.jp

Received Date: Apr 09, 2020 / Accepted Date: Apr 24, 2020 / Published Date: May 05, 2020

Abstract

Steamed red rice has been served in local religious ceremonies in Japan and is mainly consumed in Asian countries. However, only a few detailed chemical and biological studies have been performed on red rice to date. The present study aimed to clarify the chemical structure of red pigment and examined its effects on lipid metabolism, such as hepatic β-oxidation, in mice. The results obtained showed that red pigment up-regulated the mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as acyl CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPAR β), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which decompose fatty acids. Furthermore, the redcolored extract was fractionated by ACOX-1-enhancing activity to provide the proanthocyanidins involved in cytosolic β-oxidation. Spectroscopic data on proanthocyanidins revealed detailed characteristic structures, including 3- to 10- mer polymerization, a 3,4-cis configuration, more C4-C8 than C4-C6 linkages, and the existence of a B-ring bearing three hydroxy groups with/without a methyl moiety. In conclusion, red rice bran comprising proanthocyanidins has potential in the treatment of fatty liver and hyperlipidemia.

Keywords: Red rice bran; Proanthocyanidin; β -oxidation; ACOX-1

Citation: Tamura S, Yan K, Kawano T, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Tanaka J, et al. (2020) Identification of Chemical Structures of Hypolipidemic Proanthocyanidins in Red Rice Enhancing Acyl CoA Oxidase Expression. J Rice Res 8: 213. Doi: 10.4172/2375-4338.1000213

Copyright: © 2020 Tamura S, et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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