Abstract

More and more people are being affected by myopia, a widespread refractive defect. Myopia development could result in a variety of significant issues, including blindness. This review analyses the risk factors related to myopia and summarises the epidemiological studies on myopia conducted after 2018. Myopia prevalence varies by age, location, and length of observation. In addition to East Asia, other regions of the world have also experienced an increase in myopia. Myopia in children is becoming more common and gets worse as they get older. Together with myopia, the prevalence of high myopia has grown. In myopia patients, racial dependency and family aggregation are frequently observed. Myopia has been shown to be protected against by more outdoor activity, although near-distance work and higher education levels have the reverse effect. It is debatable if urbanisation or gender has an effect on myopia. Because there is insufficient data, it is still unclear how nutrition, digital screens, Kawasaki illness, pregnant women who smoke during pregnancy and myopia are related. Knowing the many myopia-affecting elements aids in deciphering the mechanism of myopia creation and in developing practical myopia prevention and control techniques to safeguard people's health, particularly that of adolescents.