Abstract

Neuro-infections, caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, have been increasingly recognized as significant environmental triggers for autoimmune diseases. These infections can disrupt the central nervous system (CNS) and initiate a cascade of immunological events leading to the development of autoimmunity. This review explores the intricate relationship between neuro-infections and autoimmune disorders, focusing on the mechanisms by which pathogens influence immune system dysregulation. We discuss the role of molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and persistent inflammation in the pathogenesis of neuro-infection-induced autoimmunity. Additionally, we examine the impact of genetic predispositions and environmental factors that contribute to the susceptibility and progression of autoimmune diseases. By elucidating these pathways, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how neuroinfections can act as environmental triggers for autoimmunity, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention and prevention.