Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction, leading to disrupted sleep and decreased oxygen saturation. The management of OSA involves both surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities. Non-surgical approaches, including Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), oral appliances, and lifestyle modifications, are the first-line treatments. Surgical interventions, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), and hypoglossal nerve stimulation, are considered in cases of severe OSA or non-compliance with conservative therapies. This paper provides a comparative analysis of these treatment modalities in terms of efficacy, patient compliance, risks, and long-term outcomes.