Abstract

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a pivotal technology, offering extensive insights into gene expression across diverse biological and clinical applications. It enables high-resolution single-cell analysis for precision medicine, distinguishes molecular differences in tissue development, and guides precision oncology. RNA-seq is also critical for understanding plant stress responses, host-pathogen interactions, and neurodevelopmental disorders. While it faces bioinformatics challenges, advancements like spatial and long-read transcriptomics continue to expand its utility, revealing novel regulatory elements like circular RNAs. This technology is fundamental for unraveling complex biological systems and advancing therapeutic strategies.