Abstract

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, characterized by cognitive decline that exceeds what is expected for an individual’s age but does not significantly impair daily functioning. One of the hallmark cognitive deficits in MCI is semantic memory impairment, which involves difficulties in retrieving and processing general knowledge. This article explores the nature and impact of semantic memory deficits in individuals with MCI, focusing on word-finding difficulties, category fluency decline, conceptual organization deficits, and misidentification of objects and people. The neural basis of semantic memory impairment is discussed, along with assessment, diagnosis, and the impact on daily life and prognosis. Early detection and targeted interventions may help preserve cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals with MCI.

Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; Semantic memory; Wordfinding difficulties; Category fluency; Conceptual organization; Misidentification; Neurocognitive testing; Brain imaging; Neural basis; Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive decline; Early detection; Interventions