Abstract

Insulin, a pivotal hormone produced by the pancreatic beta cells, plays a central role in regulating glucose metabolism in the human body. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, results from the dysregulation of insulin, either due to its insufficient production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective utilization (Type 2 diabetes). This abstract elucidates the critical role of insulin in diabetes regulation, outlining its functions, mechanisms, and the consequences of its dysfunction. Insulin serves as a key orchestrator of glucose homeostasis. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, particularly in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. This process not only reduces blood glucose levels but also ensures that cells receive the necessary energy for their functions. In addition to glucose uptake, insulin suppresses the release of glucose from the liver, further contributing to glycemic control.