Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to global health, driven by complex interactions between environmental, biological, and social factors. Understanding the origins of these diseases is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This review explores the key pathways leading to the emergence of infectious diseases, including zoonotic spillover, antimicrobial resistance, climate change, and human activities such as deforestation and urbanization. Additionally, the role of genomic surveillance, early detection systems, and public health interventions in mitigating disease emergence is discussed. By unraveling the mechanisms behind the rise of EIDs, this study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary One Health approach to reduce the risk of future outbreaks and pandemics.