Abstract

Viral pathogenesis is the process by which viruses cause disease, involving viral entry, replication, spread, and host immune response. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines. Viral entry dictates tropism and disease manifestations, while replication hijacks host machinery. Immune responses can be protective but also pathogenic. Viral genetic evolution leads to new strains, posing public health challenges. Viruses employ immune evasion strategies to facilitate replication. Research utilizes models and advanced technologies like high-throughput sequencing and systems biology to unravel these complex interactions and identify therapeutic targets.