Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a global health crisis, with prevalence rapidly increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This comprehensive body of work highlights CVD as the leading cause of death worldwide, driven by shifting risk factors, demographic changes, and the escalating burden of conditions like stroke, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The growing impact on older adults and the projected rise in atherosclerotic CVD underscore an urgent need. Effective, tailored, and scalable public health interventions, focusing on primary prevention and managing disparities, are paramount to mitigate this escalating global health challenge.