Abstract

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe and often long-lasting psychological response to traumatic experiences that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope. It affects millions globally, arising after exposure to events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, or personal assaults. This condition manifests through symptoms like intrusive memories, hyperarousal, avoidance behavior, and emotional numbness. Despite growing awareness, PTSD remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to stigma, lack of access to mental health care, and misinterpretation of symptoms. Advances in neuroscience and psychotherapy have deepened understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of PTSD, emphasizing the roles of the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex in emotional regulation and memory processing. Early intervention, trauma-informed care, and resilience-building approaches are essential for recovery and prevention. This article explores the etiology, manifestations, and management of PTSD, highlighting the urgent need for integrated care and public awareness to foster mental health resilience in the aftermath of trauma.

Keywords: Hyperarousal, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Neurobiology