Journal of Infectious Diseases & Therapy
Open Access

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Infectious Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis Related Deaths in People Living with HIV (PLHIV)

Daye Ka^1*, Ndéye Maguette Fall¹, Khardiata Diallo-Mbaye¹, Fatou Binetou Thiam¹, Abdoulaye Dia¹, Rahmatoulaye Ndiaye¹, Madeleine Sarr², Moustapha Diop¹, Ndéye Fatou Ngom-gueye³, Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse-Diallo¹, Ndéye Aissatou Lakhe¹, Louise Fortes-Deguenonvo¹, Sylvie Audrey Diop-Nyafouna⁴, Ndéye Méry Dia-Badiane⁵, Cheikh Tidiane Ndour¹, Massérigne Soumaré¹ and Moussa Seydi¹

¹Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

²Centre des Opérations d’Urgence Sanitaire, MSAS, Dakar, Senegal

³Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann, Université Alioune Diop de Bambey, Dakar, Senegal

⁴Hôpital de Tivaouane, Université de Thiès, Dakar, Senegal

⁵Hôpital Régional de Saint Louis, Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis, Dakar, Senegal

Received Date: Oct 18, 2019 / Accepted Date: Nov 01, 2019 / Published Date: Nov 09, 2019

Citation: Ka D, Fall NM, Diallo-Mbaye K, Thiam FB, Dia A, et al. (2019) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Infectious Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis Related Deaths in People Living with HIV (PLHIV) . J Infect Dis Ther 7: 410.

Copyright: © 2019 Ka D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of infectious meningitis and meningoencephalitis and to identify factors associated with death in PLHIV at the Infectious and Tropical Disease Clinic located in the FANN University Hospital Centre.

Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study conducted from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2013. It involved all hospitalized PLHIV in the department of infectious diseases of FANN suffering from meningitis and/or encephalitis.

Results: One hundred and thirty-three (133) cases of meningoencephalitis among the 1033 hospitalized PLHIV were collected, which makes 12.9% hospital prevalence. The average age was 42 years ± 10 years and the female gender was predominant. The main general signs were fever (91.7%) and overall health impairment (62.4%). The predominant functional signs were headache (58.6%) and vomiting (43.6%). 28.5% of cases had impaired consciousness and more than 2/3 of the patients had meningeal signs. Nineteen percent of the patients had cranial nerve palsy and 18% had a motor deficit. The main extra neurological signs were cough and dyspnea (57.9%). The lumbar puncture performed in 84.4% of patients showed a clear Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) in 64.5% of cases and lymphocyte in 1/3 of cases. In 27.1% of patients, the etiology of meningoencephalitis was confirmed and cryptococcosis predominated (16.5%). The lethality was 57% and more than half of the deaths occurred after the 7 days of hospitalization. The presence of headache, impaired consciousness and motor deficit were significantly associated with death.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of infectious meningoencephalitis in PLWHIV and the high lethality associated with this condition justifies the need for early management of HIV infection.

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